Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed blood vessels in the anal canal that affect many adults, especially those over 50. According to health data, around half of adults above this age experience piles at some point. While piles can cause discomfort, pain, itching, and bleeding, most cases can be managed effectively at home with proper care and natural remedies. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures is vital to reducing the risk and severity of piles.
What Are Piles?
Piles occur when the veins in the anal canal become swollen due to increased pressure. These blood vessels normally help maintain continence, but when inflamed, they can cause pain and bleeding. Piles are classified into two main types:
- Internal Hemorrhoids: Located inside the anal canal above the dentate line, these are usually painless and not visible. They may bleed during bowel movements or prolapse (bulge out) temporarily.
- External Hemorrhoids: Found below the dentate line, these are often painful, itchy, and can bleed. They may also develop blood clots, causing thrombosis and severe discomfort.
Grades of Piles
Piles are graded according to their severity:
- Grade I: Small swelling inside the anal canal, usually painless with minor bleeding.
- Grade II: Larger swelling that prolapses during bowel movements but retracts on its own.
- Grade III: Prolapsed swelling that requires manual pushing back inside.
- Grade IV: Large, permanently prolapsed piles that cannot be pushed back and often cause pain and complications.
Causes of Piles
Several factors contribute to the development of piles, including:
- Constipation: Straining during bowel movements increases pressure on anal veins.
- Overweight and Obesity: Excess abdominal pressure weakens vein elasticity.
- Pregnancy: Enlarged uterus presses on pelvic veins, increasing anal vein pressure.
- Aging: Connective tissues weaken, reducing support for anal veins.
- Chronic Diarrhea: Frequent bowel movements irritate the anal lining.
- Persistent Cough: Increases abdominal pressure, affecting anal veins.
- Heavy Lifting: Straining raises intra-abdominal pressure.
- Prolonged Sitting: Pressure on the anal area from sitting too long, especially on hard surfaces.
- Low-Fiber Diet: Leads to hard stools and constipation, increasing strain.
Complications from Untreated Piles
If neglected, piles can lead to complications such as:
- Ulceration: Skin sores causing pain and discomfort.
- Mucus Leakage: Sticky discharge causing dampness.
- Thrombosis: Formation of painful blood clots.
- Bleeding: Can lead to anemia if severe.
- Infection: Signs include fever, redness, and intense pain.
Prevention Tips
Preventing piles involves lifestyle and dietary changes:
- Exercise Regularly: Low-impact activities improve bowel function and circulation.
- Stay Hydrated: Adequate water intake softens stool.
- Avoid Excessive Straining: Don’t force bowel movements.
- Maintain Healthy Weight: Reduces abdominal pressure.
- Eat a High-Fiber Diet: Softens stool and promotes regularity.
9 Home Remedies to Get Rid of Piles
1. Use of Creams and Ointments
Topical creams containing hydrocortisone or other anti-inflammatory agents reduce swelling, itching, and discomfort. Apply twice daily, ensuring hands are clean before and after application.
2. Cold Compress
Applying ice packs wrapped in a cloth to the affected area for 15 minutes can relieve pain and reduce swelling by constricting blood vessels and slowing blood flow.
3. Stay Hydrated
Drinking 8 to 10 cups of water daily helps soften stools, preventing constipation and reducing strain during bowel movements.
4. Warm Sitz Baths
Soaking the anal area in lukewarm water for 10-15 minutes relaxes muscles, eases pain, and promotes healing. Avoid very hot water to prevent irritation.
5. Aloe Vera
Aloe vera gel has soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. Apply fresh gel gently to the anal region to reduce pain and irritation. For internal piles, carefully insert a small amount using clean fingers and rinse after 15-20 minutes.
6. Fiber Supplements
Taking fiber supplements or increasing dietary fiber intake aids digestion, softens stool, and facilitates easier bowel movements, reducing pressure on anal veins.
7. Ginger
Ginger’s anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits help reduce swelling and promote waste elimination. It can be consumed fresh, as juice, or added to meals.
8. Lemon Juice
Rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, lemon juice strengthens blood vessels and reduces inflammation. Applying diluted lemon juice externally may initially cause a burning sensation but provides relief afterward.
9. Avoid Prolonged Sitting on Toilet Seats
Sitting too long on the toilet increases pressure on the anal veins, worsening piles. Limit time spent seated and avoid straining.
Final Thoughts
Most mild to moderate piles can be effectively managed with these home remedies and lifestyle adjustments. However, if symptoms persist, worsen, or complications like severe bleeding, thrombosis, or infection occur, it is essential to seek medical advice promptly. Early intervention prevents serious complications and promotes faster recovery. Maintaining a healthy diet, proper hydration, and regular exercise are key to preventing piles and supporting overall digestive health.
